Xaashiyaha graphite, sida agab warshadeed oo heersare ah-, waxa si balaadhan loogu isticmaalaa qaybaha sida biraha, injineernimada kiimikada, semiconductors, iyo tamarta cusub. Xulashadeedu waxay si toos ah u saamaysaa isku halaynta qalabka, cimriga, iyo hufnaanta hawlgalka. Xulashada maaddada sayniska waxay u baahan tahay tixgelin dhammaystiran oo dhowr arrimood ah, oo ay ku jiraan kulaylka kuleylka, iska caabinta daxalka, xoogga farsamada, iyo qiimaha.
Based on substrate type, graphite sheet is primarily categorized into three types: natural graphite, artificial graphite, and composite graphite. Natural graphite has a high purity (typically >95%) iyo kulaylka kulaylka aad u fiican, laakiin xoogga farsamada hoose. Waxay ku habboon tahay codsiyada kuleylka kuleylka leh shuruudaha culeyska qaabdhismeedka hooseeya, sida qalabka korantada ee foornooyinka korontada. Garaafyada macmalka ah, ee lagu farsameeyay habka garaafaynta heerkulka sare, waxa uu leeyahay cufnaan sare (1.8-2.2 g/cm³) iyo xoog cadaadis (ilaa 30 MPa). Waxa kale oo ay bixisaa caabbinta heerkul sare oo heersare ah ( awood u leh isticmaalka muddada dheer ee heerkulka ilaa 3000 digrii ), taas oo ka dhigaysa doorashada ugu habboon ee dahaarka reactor-ka kiimikaad iyo lakabyada dahaarka ee hal{11}} foornooyinka koritaanka Silicon crystal. Garaafyada isku dhafan, adoo ku daraya xoojinta sida fiber carbon iyo budada birta, waxay sii miisaamaysaa xoogga iyo xirashada caabbinta, muujinta waxqabadkeeda wanaagsan ee doomaha garaafka ee warshadaha sawir-qaadista iyo qalabka semiconductor etching.
Qaab-dhismeedka yar-yar ee maaddadu sidoo kale waa muhiim. Garaafka saafiga ah ee sarreeya{{1}<20 ppm) effectively avoids contamination from metal impurities and is suitable for high-temperature load platforms in semiconductor manufacturing. Isotropic graphite, through isostatic pressing, ensures uniform three-dimensional properties, making it particularly suitable for heat dissipation components in precision molds. For highly corrosive environments (such as hydrofluoric acid and molten alkali), modified graphite sheets impregnated with resin or metal coatings are used, which can improve permeability by 3–5 times.
Xagga dhaqaalaha, warshadaha caadiga ah {{0}garaafka macmalka ah ee darajada (cufnaanta 1.6 g/cm³) waxay ku kacdaa kaliya hal -saddex meelood meel sare{3}}nadiifinta garaafka soostaatiga ah ee la cadaadiyo, laakiin cimrigiisa waxa lagu soo gaabin karaa in ka badan 40%. Ku dhaqanka injineernimada, istaraatijiyad "doorashada alaabta la darajeeyey" ayaa inta badan la qaataa: sare {{6}garaafka saafiga ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa meelaha xidhiidhka xudunta u ah, halka garaafiga caadiga ah loo isticmaalo lakabyada qaab dhismeedka dhinaceeda si loo yareeyo kharashyada.
Marka la soo koobo, xulashada qalabka saxan garaafyada waa in lagu saleeyaa shuruudaha waxqabadka ee muuqaalka codsiga, raadinta dheelitirka ugu fiican ee u dhexeeya kulaylka kuleylka, caabbinta daxalka, xoogga farsamada iyo kharashka, iyo kordhinta faa'iidooyinka injineernimada iyadoo si cilmiyeysan u dhigma sifooyinka alaabta.
